Lavinia de Ferri

• Grillini, Federico; de Ferri, Lavinia; Pantos, George Alexis; George, Sony & Veseth, Margunn (2024). Reflectance imaging spectroscopy for the study of archaeological pre-Columbian textiles. Microchemical Journal. ISSN 0026-265X. 200. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.110168.
• Caggiani, Maria Cristina; Fugazzotto, Maura; de Ferri, Lavinia; Bertino, Antonella; Andriulo, Fabrizio & Barone, Germana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Exploitation of IR statistical results as a guidance for the multi-technique study of synthetic and natural iron-based pigments. Microchemical Journal. ISSN 0026-265X. 197. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109851.
• de Ferri, Lavinia; Campanella, Beatrice; Martignon, Alice; Vallotto, Davide; Tomaini, Benedetta & Legnaioli, Stefano [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Coupling of electron and vibrational spectroscopy with false colour imaging for the investigation of natural dyes in historical fabrics (15th–18th centuries). The European Physical Journal Plus. ISSN 2190-5444. 138(7). doi: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04248-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Occhipinti, Roberta; Caggiani, Maria Cristina; de Ferri, Lavinia; Xu, Zhuo; Steindal, Calin Constantin & Razavi, Nima [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Structural properties of volcanic precursors-based geopolymers before and after natural weathering. Ceramics International. ISSN 0272-8842. 49, s. 21892–21902. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.04.013.
• Invernizzi, Claudia; de Ferri, Lavinia; Comite, Valeria; Fermo, Paola; Malagodi, Marco & Pojana, Giulio (2022). Correlation between surface roughness and spectral features in IR-reflection spectroscopy. Microchemical Journal. ISSN 0026-265X. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106874. Vis sammendrag

  Modifications of IR spectral features were reported in the literature when surfaces with diverse morphologies were analysed. In this study, five surfaces at different average roughness (Sa) were created on a massive slice of malachite with the final aim to investigate possible variations of spectral features collected through non-contact infrared reflection spectroscopy. Modifications were investigated as a function of Sa, with five frequency intervals being considered. The spectral acquisition was carried out by two portable spectrometers equipped with specific non-invasive optical heads, operating in External Reflection (ER) and Diffuse Reflection (DR) modes, respectively. A comparison study of the collected spectral profiles is proposed in this work. The analysis of spectra produced by surfaces at different roughness allowed for evaluating the effectiveness of each device in the different spectral ranges. The ER spectra were generally more resolved and cleaner compared to the DR ones. The ER module was able to return spectra whose features - both specular and diffuse - consistently follow the variation of Sa in the investigated spectral ranges. A lack of sensitivity was instead registered when working in DR mode, especially in the frequency intervals where the contribution of the diffuse component dominates the spectra.

• Occhipinti, Roberta; Caggiani, Maria Cristina; Andriulo, Fabrizio; de Ferri, Lavinia; Barone, Germana & Mazzoleni, Paolo (2022). Effect of atmospheric exposure on alkali activated binders and mortars from Mt. Etna volcanic precursors. Materials Letters. ISSN 0167-577X. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131940. Vis sammendrag

  Volcanic pyroclastic residues from Mt. Etna have been recently used to produce alkali activated materials to be employed in the restoration of the ancient buildings of the Etnean area. With the aim of preliminarily testing the durability of these products, binders and mortars have been exposed outdoors for six months. The characterization was achieved by a multi-analytical approach to determine the effect of the weathering; variations were evaluated in terms of composition, mechanical properties, dynamic vapour sorption, and visual aspect before and after exposure. The results show that both alkali activated binders and mortars are barely affected by atmospheric exposure.

• Andriulo, Fabrizio; Vespignani, L.; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Bortolini, M. & de Ferri, Lavinia (2022). Evaluation of sol-gel hybrid nanocomposites for dry medieval wood. Journal of Cultural Heritage. ISSN 1296-2074. 56, s. 96–107. doi: 10.1016/j.culher.2022.06.004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Viking Age archaeological wooden objects from the Oseberg find have undergone extensive chemical de- terioration due to the original conservation treatment, based on alum salts (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O), done in the early 1900s. Today, the artefacts are highly acidic (pH ≤2), fragile and the wood has almost completely lost its structural integrity. This study is part of a wider research project on conservation methods for these finds, currently underway. Multi-functional organic/inorganic hybrid systems, engineered to deacidify and consolidate alum- treated wood in a single step, have been studied. These products, made of a polysiloxanes’ network and nanostructured Ca(OH) 2 , have given promising results in terms of penetration, deacidification, consolida- tion and maintenance of the wood properties. This work provides a comparison between two hybrid systems having in common a backbone of poly(dimethylsiloxane) hydroxy–terminated (PDMS-OH) and alkaline nanoparticles (NPs) (as deacidify- ing agent), along with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) applied to fresh and archaeological wood, respectively. Colour, pH, dimensions, SEM-EDS and ultrasonic velocity measurements, in addition to hardness tests, were collected on the treated mock-ups to investigate the outcomes of the two systems in terms of conservation efficacy. FTIR-ATR and DVS have also been carried out for systems characterization. From the analysis performed, the most promising hybrid system seems to be the one prepared with MTES as structural polymer. In addition, it has been highlighted the requirement of a method for sol application other than immersion when objects are already treated with resins.

• Marchetto, Davide; de Ferri, Lavinia; Latella, Aurelio & Pojana, Giulio (2022). Micro- and mesoplastics in sea surface water from a Northern Adriatic coastal area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. ISSN 0944-1344. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17874-9. Vis sammendrag

  The presence of microplastics in the sea is a global issue widely studied and discussed in the last years. The whole marine ecosystem is now considered at high risk because of their presence and abundance in every studied environment all over the world because polymeric materials commonly constitute the main raw materials in contemporary industrial production. The presented study reports the results obtained from surface seawater monitoring of two sampling transects in the coastal area close to the Venice Lagoon (Italy) inlet, investigated in order to get new information about the presence and relevance of plastic pollution. Plastic particles collected by means of a manta net (0.3-mm mesh size) have been characterized in detail by utilizing a multi-technique approach in order to discriminate them by typology, dimension, colour, spatial density and chemical composition. Such information permitted the individuation of subgroups (specific groups) of plastic micro-debris in this Northern Adriatic area.

• Bertolin, Chiara; de Ferri, Lavinia & Olstad, Tone Marie (2021). Monitoring of indoor environmental conditions of the Kvernes (Norway) stave church. I Roca, P. & Molins, Climent (Red.), 12th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS (SAHC 2021). International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE). ISSN 978-84-123222-0-0. s. 3284–3295. Vis sammendrag

  The proposed study deals with environmental data collected in the Kvernes stave church, belonging to the Møre type. The nave and the chancel belonging to the original structure, probably dated back to early 1600, are one of the few cases – among the 28 existing Stave Churches - still maintaining the internal wall painting, realized with a tempera technique in 1633. Due to its geographical position, the Kvernes church is particularly exposed to weather and consequently maintenance interventions have been carried out in 2015 (Stave Church Preservation Programme) to preserve the building. Previously in 2011 and 2012, 4 data loggers were installed to monitor indoor microclimatic variations basically referable to climatic external conditions, the performance of liturgical functions, and to the presence of visitors (depending on the periods of the year), since none active heating system has never been installed in the church. In the frame of the international research project SyMBoL (Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in a Long-term perspective) such environmental data were elaborated. They represent the firsts internationally published information from long-term monitoring campaigns in stave churches.

• Bertolin, Chiara; Strojecki, Marcin; de Ferri, Lavinia; grottesi, giulia & Siani, Anna Maria (2021). Salt contamination of wooden materials: the case of Trondheim (Norway) warehouses. I Roca, P. & Molins, Climent (Red.), 12th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL CONSTRUCTIONS (SAHC 2021). International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE). ISSN 978-84-123222-0-0. s. 791–801. Vis sammendrag

  Warehouses are big architectonical structures mostly made of spruce wood and utilized as storage buildings principally by food traders in Northern Countries. Trondheim’s warehouses currently observable along the river Nidelva, date back between the 17th and half of the 19th century were mostly used to stock and process fish. Therefore, where the food goods were stored, residuals are expected to be still present and/or to be responsible for the formation of alteration products on the wooden surfaces as well as inside the wooden structure. Here we propose a characterization of residual and neo-formed compounds inside and on the surface of wooden logs by means of vacuum microbalance that allowed both to individuate the type of salts, as well as, to estimate the maximum water film thickness adsorbed on the wooden samples at 93% of RH. These data have been related to variations in the acoustic emission (AE) intensity detected at the log surface and to the wood moisture content measured with capacitive and resistance operating moisture meters. The application of three independent techniques have allowed obtaining interestingly information indicating their potentiality as decay assessment techniques in the field of historical materials and specifically in the study of salts weathering on wood. The methodology allowed identifying a clear relationship between the amount of water in logs as a function of their distance from the ground and variations in the amplitude of the acoustic emission signals.

• Longoni, Margherita; Zalaffi, Maria Sole; de Ferri, Lavinia; Stortini, Angela Maria; Pojana, Giulio & Ugo, Paolo (2021). Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy With Electrodeposited Copper Ultramicro-Wires With/Without Silver Nanostars Decoration . Nanomaterials. ISSN 2079-4991. 11(2), s. 1–17. doi: 10.3390/nano11020518. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The electrochemical preparation of arrays of copper ultramicro-wires (CuUWs) by using porous membranes as templates is critically revisited, with the goal of obtaining cheap but efficient substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The role of the materials used for the electrodeposition is examined, comparing membranes of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) vs. track-etched polycarbonate (PC) as well as copper vs. glassy carbon (GC) as electrode material. A voltammetric study performed on bare electrodes and potentiostatic tests on membrane coated electrodes allowed the optimization of the deposition parameters. The final arrays of CuUWs were obtained by chemical etching of the template, with NaOH for AAO and CH2Cl2 for PC. After total etching of the template, SERS spectra were recorded on CuUWs using benzenthiol as SERS probe with known spectral features. The CuUW substrates displayed good SERS properties, providing enhancement factor in the 103–104 range. Finally, it was demonstrated that higher Raman enhancement can be achieved when CuUWs are decorated with silver nanostars, supporting the formation of SERS active hot-spots at the bimetallic interface.

• Corradini, Martina; De Ferri, Lavinia & Pojana, Giulio (2021). Spectroscopic characterization of commercial pigments for pictorial retouching. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. ISSN 0377-0486. 52(1), s. 35–58. doi: 10.1002/jrs.5935. Vis sammendrag

  A set of 27 commercially available pigments by Kremer Pigmente (Aichstetten, Germany), including traditional and synthetic compounds, has been characterized in detail from a chemical and mineralogical point of view in the frame of a wide research project about pigments and colorants involving different spectroscopic techniques such as reflectance spectroscopy (in both visible and nearinfrared intervals), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (in both attenuated total reflection and reflection modes), and Raman spectroscopy. These pigments are currently employed for pictorial retouch purposes of both ancient and contemporary works of art, and a deep comprehension of their composition is fundamental in order to better understand their long-term behavior after application. This work presents Raman results found analyzing the set of pigments in order to identify existing phases and comparing them with datasheets available by Kremer Pigmente: some inconsistencies were found, especially concerning correspondences withChemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers, pigment codes, andcolor indexes,togetherwiththeabsenceofsomecompoundsintherecords. Most Raman signals were attributed to specific vibrational modes, even if in some cases, only related chemical species were identified, whereas information regarding individual vibrational modes was not found in the literature. The whole volume of data generated in this project will represent a useful tool for the study of artworks permitting both the interpretation of spectral information obtainable mostly from portable instruments and for the evaluation of materials to be used for pictorial retouching.

• Caggiani, Maria Cristina; Barone, Germana; De Ferri, Lavinia; Laviano, Rocco; Mangone, Annarosa & Mazzoleni, Paolo (2021). Raman and SEM-EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. ISSN 0377-0486. 52(1), s. 186–198. doi: 10.1002/jrs.5884. Vis sammendrag

  An analytical investigation performed on Southern Italy pottery highlighted the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy to give answers to archaeological questions. It can provide important information concerning the production technology and raw materials constituting the glassy coatings. Raman spectroscopy was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) for observations and elemental analysis. The studied samples, ranging from the 13th century lead-tin-glazed protomajolica to the 15th –16th enamelled pottery, come from the Castles of Montella and Ariano Irpino (Campania), from the castles of Scicli and Modica and from surveys carried out in Buscemi and Caltagirone (Sicily). Glassy matrices, opacifying agents, colour-related raw materials and body-coating interface crystalline phases were investigated. Though the coatings resulted all typically lead-rich glass types, lumps showing a different Raman profile suggested that at least in one case, the batch was adultered with recycled glass waste. Furthermore, samples coming from Montella, belonging to the three main classes of ceramics defined by archaeological hypothesis, could be grouped according to their cassiterite content. The crystallization of lead– potassium feldspars at the coating-body interface in a group of samples was ascertained. With regard to the origin of colours, the spectra of blue coatings highlighted phases that can be traced back to the use of Co-based and Co–Asbased raw materials, while turquoise decorations were found to contain malayaite.

• Corradini, Martina; De Ferri, Lavinia & Pojana, Giulio (2021). Fiber Optic Reflection Spectroscopy–Near-Infrared Characterization Study of Dry Pigments for Pictorial Retouching. Applied Spectroscopy. ISSN 0003-7028. 75(4), s. 445–461. doi: 10.1177/0003702820957641. Vis sammendrag

  A deep comprehension of composition of pigments employed nowadays in the field of pictorial retouch is considered essential for a deeper knowledge of their behavior with time once applied on artifacts. A commercially available set consisting of 27 pigments employed for the conservation of both historical and contemporary artworks has been characterized through Reflectance Spectroscopy in the VIS and NIR spectral range. The pigments included in the investigated set are classified into four categories: (i) dyes and colors from plants,(ii) modern pigments, (iii) pigments of own production and historical pigments, and (iv) natural earths. Recorded spectra were interpreted with the aim to detect existing coloring and filling phases and obtained results were compared with available datasheets: some inconsistencies were found, as well as lack of some compounds among the reported ones. Attributions were found for many features ,even if in some cases detailed information for a comparison was not found in the literature,especially regarding NIR spectra. The proposed paper aims to provide a useful tool for the study of real artworks with a detailed overview of material characteristics in the visible and near infrared spectral range.

• Freeman, Ashley Amanda; De Ferri, Lavinia; Mazurek, Joy; Andriulo, Fabrizio & Bertolin, Chiara (2021). A Multi-Analytical Approach for the Characterization of Seventeenth Century Decorative Wall Paintings in Two Norwegian Stave Churches: A Case Study at Eidsborg and Heddal, Norway. Applied Sciences. ISSN 2076-3417. 11(8). doi: 10.3390/app11083477. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The presented research examines 17th century distemper paint from the polychrome wooden interiors of two Norwegian stave churches: Eidsborg and Heddal. For the first time, the inorganic and organic components of specimens from Eidsborg and Heddal were identified using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)—Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. This multi-analytical approach allowed for the identification of red ochre as the main red pigment within the topcoat (with the possible addition of minium), confirmed that a chalk basecoat was used, and finally permitted the recognition of alteration phases. Markers of proteinaceous material attributed to the use of animal-based glues were detected throughout the stratigraphic layers of both churches, with the addition of linseed oil in some locations. Furthermore, the wood substrate showed markers characteristic of pine tree, with contamination of wood fractions being detected in some of the paint samples from Heddal and Eidsborg. This research has contributed to a better understanding of the current preservation state of Heddal and Eidsborg, and ultimately assisted in developing a deeper comprehension and awareness of materials used in Norwegian stave churches.

• Diodato, Nazzareno; Bertolin, Chiara; Bellocchi, Gianni; De Ferri, Lavinia & fantini, paolo (2021). New insights into the world's longest series of monthly snowfall (Parma, Northern Italy, 1777–2018). International Journal of Climatology. ISSN 0899-8418. 41(S1), s. E1270–E1286. doi: 10.1002/joc.6766. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia & Strojecki, Marcin (2021). Application of the Guggenheim, Anderson, de Boer (GAB) equation to study the impact of sealing treatments on pine wood sorption characteristics. Material Design & Processing Communications (MDPC). ISSN 2577-6576. 3(5), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1002/mdp2.189. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Surface treatments can modify the materials behavior toward water sorption phenomena. The Guggenheim–Andersen–de Boer sorption equation, already used in the past to study various wood species, is here proposed to investigate the sorption behavior of pine wood samples treated with different sealing material. Particularly, the paper aims to explore the modification of the k parameter with the applied coating. Measurements of sorption–desorption branches permitted to clearly distinguish the behavior of treated samples, the relative humidity (RH) conditions over which they are more dimensionally stable, as well as their tendency to swell and shrink. The proposed study permitted to evaluate the usefulness of the k parameter as an indicator of the presence of chemical treatments on wood at high RH values. Particularly, the k value has been found to change as a function of chemicals surface treatments limiting in different ways the access and expulsion of water moisture.

• Cherian, Cristina; De Ferri, Lavinia; Falcone, Roberto; Cianciosi, Alessandra; Cadamuro, Sivia & Gelichi, Sauro [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Preliminary non-invasive study of Roman glasses from Jesolo (Venice), Italy. Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A. ISSN 1753-3546. 61(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.13036/17533546.61.1.003. Vis sammendrag

  Archaeological excavations at ‘Le Mure’ site (Jesolo, VE, Italy) have followed each other since the sixties, when the first evidence of an Early Medieval church (6th–7th century AD) was found under the ruins of a Medieval Cathedral (11th–12th AD). The last few years of investigations by Ca’Foscari University have led to the collection of large amounts of glass fragments, including many tesserae, dating between the 4th and the 12th centuries AD. A selection of glass fragments and mosaic tesserae taken from the excavations performed in 2013–14 at this site were studied by means of reflectance spectroscopy in order to identify their chromophore ions, in particular Cu0, Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+, which were detected in both transparent and opaque samples. In addition, the use of high resolution close-up images allowed for the attribution of surface characteristics to specific manufacturing techniques, while glass chemistry was studied in order to group them into known compositional classes. This study, carried out by non-invasive analytical techniques that allowed for the acquisition of preliminary data, will prove useful in driving further methodologies involving other non-invasive and micro-invasive analysis in order to obtain archaeometric information that can be related to concurrent archaeological results.

• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia; Razavi, Nima & Berto, Filippo (2020). Acoustic Emission NDT for monitoring hygro-mechanical reactions of coated pine wood: a methodological approach. Procedia Structural Integrity. ISSN 2452-3216. 28, s. 208–217. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.10.026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  of adsorbed water. The proposed paper intends to investigate the applicability of a multi-technique approach for the estimation of crack length in softwood structures. The methodology foreseen the monitoring by acoustic emission (AE) of pine wood slices stressed in climate chamber inducing a strong RH variation from 80 to 30%, preceded by the sealing of the two radial surfaces with chemicals in order to force the loss of moisture only through the lateral surfaces. Samples obtained from the aged slices were submitted to fracture tests contemporary monitored by AE and a digital camera. Measurements of the crack length and overall amplitude of generated AE signals permitted the individuation of fit equations to be applied to AE data acquired during the aging at 30% RH allowing the reliable evaluation of the crack propagation extent in the slices. Furthermore, differences in the signals obtained by means of two different kind of AE sensors were evaluated in order to determine the main variables affecting data differences and create a methodology applicable to the interpretation of AE data collected on real structures affected by dimensional variations (swelling and /or shrinkage) due to important RH modifications

• De Ferri, Lavinia; Strojecki, Marcin & Bertolin, Chiara (2020). Preliminary results on surface treatments on wood. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. ISSN 1757-8981. 949. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/949/1/012094. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  One of the main issues of the international research project SyMBoL - Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in a Long-term perspective, is the evaluation of wood mechanical properties. Particularly, pine wood is tested being the main building materials of medieval Norwegian stave churches. Experiments are aimed to assess variations in mechanical properties as a function of environmental conditions. Being wood highly sensitive to RH% changes, pine slices were maintained at 80% RH (4 weeks, 20°C) and successively treated with the materials here discussed on the two main surfaces; afterward, they were left at 30% RH for three weeks. Thus, the loss of water from the samples is supposed to occur only through the lateral surfaces since the chosen sealing materials were selected on the basis of their capability to avoid any penetration of water into the samples. This work represents, indeed, the study carried out to select materials to be applied on the wooden surfaces. Paraloid B72, also coupled with a cellulose sand seal spray, a microcrystalline wax and an epoxy resin were tested. Obtained surfaces were evaluated in term of water repellency (contact angle measurements), uniformity of the surface; penetration of the materials into the wooden structures, colour and water vapor sorption.

• Bertolin, Chiara; Dominguez-Castro, Fernando & De Ferri, Lavinia (2020). An Early mid-Latitude Aurora Observed by Rozier (Beziers, 1780). Annales Geophysicae. ISSN 0992-7689. 38(6), s. 1139–1147. doi: 10.5194/angeo-38-1139-2020. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• carrasco, VMS; Bertolin, Chiara; dominguez castro, fernando; De Ferri, Lavinia; gallego, mc & vaquero, JM (2020). Sunspot Records by Antonio Colla Just After the Dalton Minimum. Solar Physics. ISSN 0038-0938. 295, s. 1–12. doi: 10.1007/s11207-020-01678-0.
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia & Berto, Filippo (2020). Calibration Method for monitoring hygro-mechanical reactions of coated and uncoated pine and oak wood by Acoustic Emission Non-Destructive Testing. Materials. ISSN 1996-1944. 13(17), s. 1–21. doi: 10.3390/ma13173775. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The main issue of wood is its sensitivity to Relative Humidity (RH) variations, affecting its dimensional stability, and thus leading to crack formations and propagations. In situ structural health monitoring campaigns imply the use of portable noninvasive techniques such as acoustic emission, used for real-time detection of energy released when cracks form and grow. This paper proposes a calibration method, i.e., acoustic emission, as an early warning tool for estimating the length of new formed cracks. The predictability of ductile and brittle fracture mechanisms based on acoustic emission features was investigated, as well as climate-induced damage effect, leading to a strain-hardening mechanism. Tensile tests were performed on specimens submitted to a 50% RH variation and coated with chemicals to limit moisture penetration through the radial surfaces. Samples were monitored for acoustic emission using a digital camera to individuate calibration curves that correlated the total emitted energy with the crack propagation, specifically during brittle fracture mechanism, since equations provide the energy to create a new surface as the crack propagates. The dynamic surface energy value was also evaluated and used to define a Locus of Equilibrium of the energy surface rate for crack initiation and arrest, as well as to experimentally demonstrate the proven fluctuation concept.

• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia & Strojecki, Marcin (2020). Application of the Guggenheim, Anderson, de Boer (GAB) equation to sealing treatments on pine wood. Procedia Structural Integrity. ISSN 2452-3216. 26, s. 147–154. doi: 10.1016/j.prostr.2020.06.018. Vis sammendrag

  Surface treatments can modify the materials behavior toward water sorption phenomena and the GAB equation is here proposed to study pine wood samples treated with difference sealing materials limiting in different ways the access and release of water moisture. Particularly, the modification of the kGAB, CGAB, Vads and SGAB parameters as a function of the applied coating is studied here in order to explore the usefulness of such variables as indicator of the presence of chemical treatments on wood at high RH values.

• Olstad, Tone Marie; Ørnhøi, Anne Apalnes; Jernæs, Nina Kjølsen; De Ferri, Lavinia; Freeman, Ashley Amanda & Bertolin, Chiara (2020). Preservation of Distemper Painting: Indoor Monitoring Tools for Risk Assessment and Decision Making in Kvernes Stave Church. Climate. ISSN 2225-1154. 8(2). doi: 10.3390/cli8020033. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  During the Medieval period, over 1000 stave churches were thought to have been constructed in Norway. However, currently, only 28 of these churches remain and only 19 still have distemper wall paintings. The cultural significance of these structures, and more specifically their elaborate distemper wall paintings, has changed over time, as have the means and methods for preserving these monuments. Deeper knowledge of the current state of these structures, along with environmental monitoring and modeling will open the way to a better understanding of preservation. This paper presents a case study for unheated Norwegian wooden churches based on data collected from Kvernes stave church. There are three aims for this paper: (i) to describe the typical indoor conditions similar to the historic climate of stave churches; (ii) determine the common characteristics of distemper paint found within stave churches; (iii) and develop a risk assessment tool to evaluate the climate-induced risk factors in stave churches. The outcome of this work will contribute to research performed within the Sustainable Management of Heritage Buildings in a Longterm Perspective (SyMBoL) project which aims to develop a better understanding of climate induced risks for stave churches, and ultimately to better manage environmental risk.

• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia; grottesi, giulia & Strojecki, Marcin (2020). Study on the conservation state of wooden historical structures by means of acoustic attenuation and vacuum microbalance. Wood Science and Technology. ISSN 0043-7719. 54(1), s. 203–226. doi: 10.1007/s00226-019-01150-8. Vis sammendrag

  Acoustic emission is a well-known noninvasive methodology for the study of defects in materials but still rarely applied in the field of cultural heritage diagnostic. How alteration products and degradation processes affect the acoustic emission signal still is an open issue. The proposed study concerns the utilization of such techniques to investigate the relations existing between the moisture content and the typology and amount of crystallized salts with the acoustic emission features. This work focuses on spruce wood logs belonging to an historical warehouse in Trondheim, Norway, since no strictly scientific studies exist on the conservation conditions of these big wooden structures. The methodology, also involving the moisture content measurement of structures and the samplings of portions analyzed through vacuum microbalance, allowed identifying a clear relationship between the amount of water in logs as a function of their distance from the ground and variations in the amplitude of the acoustic emission signals.

• Bergamo, M; De Ferri, Lavinia; Cianciosi, A; Gelichi, S & Pojana, G (2019). Spectroscopic investigation of early medieval tiles and bedding mortars from Nonantola (Modena, Italy) excavations. The European Physical Journal Plus. ISSN 2190-5444. 134(5), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1140/epjp/i2019-12642-x. Vis sammendrag

  Tiles adapted for flooring a room of a monastic building (second half of the 9th century) were found during excavations of the San Sylvester Abbey courtyard (Nonantola, MO, Italy) and were investigated using vibrational spectroscopies. Greyish-white granular encrustations or chromatic differences were observed: the firsts ones were due to residues of both bedding mortar (comparable relative proportions within the carbonatic and silicatic fractions) and of sprinkled coarse lime powder used to avoid adherence of the ceramic clay to the form work (a material enriched in calcite). Cross sections allowed investigating chromatic differences between tiles surfaces and bodies and classifying fragments into two groups: 1) with gradual lightening from the body to the surface; 2) with surface layer clearly distinguishable from the body. In the first case different component distributions within internal and the external portions were observed and attributed to a surface treatment with a spatula. Particularly, a lower amount of clay was observed on their surfaces, enriched in coarse minerals and calcite, probably due to the use of a lime-rich phase to facilitate the spatula sliding. The surfaces of the second group displayed instead very low quantities of calcite, indicating a slip obtained with a barbottina-like technique adding a clay-charged material before smoothing.

• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia; grottesi, giulia; Berto, Filippo & Aalto, Pasi Olav (2019). Measuring Protocol in coupling tests on wood using the acoustic emission no-destructive technique. I Branco, Jorge M.; Poletti, Elisa & Sousa, Hélder S. (Red.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, SHATiS’2019 . Universidade do Minho Escola de Engenharia Guimarães, Portuga. ISSN 978-989-54496-2-0. s. 671–683.

Sjå alle arbeida i Cristin

• Occhipinti, Roberta; Caggiani, Maria Cristina; de Ferri, Lavinia; Xu, Zhuo; Steindal, Calin Constantin & Razavi, Nima [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Strength and durability studies on Mt. Etna volcanic precursors-based geopolymers. Vis sammendrag

  In recent years, volcanic pyroclastic residues from Mt. Etna (ash and paleosoil named “ghiara”) have been widely employed as feedstocks in the alkali activation process [1, 2]. In the optic of building and restoration applications, strength and durability of volcanic ash and ghiara-based geopolymer (binders and mortars) have been investigated in terms of structure degradation, efflorescences development and water moisture transfer after being exposed to natural weathering [2]. Ultrasound Pulse Velocity, specific weight, Brazilian Disk and Digital Image Correlation together with Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) techniques have been used in order to understand the structural properties of geopolymers before and after the atmospheric exposure. In addition, DVS results of pure salts, (i.e. sulphates and carbonates) which can often occur as efflorescence, were compared to the results obtained on geopolymers. Overall, by comparing the results obtained on unexposed and exposed samples, it was found that volcanic ash-based geopolymers have shown a better reaction to weathering in the hot summer Mediterranean climate zone.

• legnaioli, stefano; de Ferri, Lavinia & Caggiani, Maria Cristina (2023). SERS analysis of dyes: a comparative analysis of substrates and excitation wavelenghts. Vis sammendrag

  In this work we explored the possibilities offered by a multi-laser Raman system to study the enhancement performances of three types of silver nanoparticles when analysing natural dyes commonly found in historical textiles. Nanoparticles were obtained by laser ablation (NP1) and according to the Lee and Meisel procedure (NP2), while silver nanostars through the García-Leis et al. synthesis procedure (NS). Nanostructures dimensions were verified by means of UV-VIS spectroscopy. A set of 7 standard dyes (alizarin, purpurin, carminic acid, indigotin, luteolin, quercetin hydrate, and gallic acid) was analysed using 5 excitation wavelengths: 488, 514, 632, 785 and 1064 nm. Raman spectra were collected on dry powders, as well as on solutions (concentrations between 10-3 and 10-4 M) in water, 2-propanol and acetone. To collect SERS spectra using NP1 and 2 as substrates, 1μl of each solution was mixed to 5μl of colloid and to 1 μl of NaCl 0.5 M as aggregating agent. When NS were used, 10μl of each solution were mixed to 1 μl of colloid. In both cases, the analysis was performed on 1μl drops before the complete evaporation of the solvents. The Raman spectra of dry pigments showed the activation/disappearance of vibrational modes depending on the laser wavelength, while a slight enhancement of the signal was observed for solutions deposited on aluminium foil. The effect was particularly evident for λ = 488, 785 and 1064 nm. However, the Raman features of most of the dyes resulted unreadable, except for purpurin, indigotin and gallic acid that always showed a good signal to noise ratio. This made such molecules not useful to study the coupled effect of substrates and excitation wavelengths. SERS spectra showed a good enhancement of the Raman signal when NS were used with all the available laser sources. Indeed, the best results were obtained at 785 and 633 nm. In parallel, both NP1 and NP2 behaved particularly well when coupled to the 514 and 633 lasers. In addition, the characteristic peaks of dyes have undergone shifts from their original positions depending on both the excitation source and the substrate. The first part of the study allowed determining the best conditions to analyse samples taken from pre-Columbian textile fragments conserved the Museum of Cultural History. The documentation does not report any dating or place of provenance, but based on the style it is possible to attribute 4 of them to the Paracas Necropolis culture (200 BC-100 AD), and one to the Middle Horizon one (500-900 AD). Samples were taken mostly from the back side of the fragments and SERS measurements were carried out both directly on the threads and on the extract obtained from ca. 1 mg of material immerged in 200 μl of a solution of oxalic acid 0.5M, methanol, acetone and water (1.30:40:40 v/v/v/v). The Eppendorf was sonicated for 30 min at 60°C. After extraction, the same procedure used for the analysis of the standard solution was applied, using NP2 and NS as substrates coupled to the 514 and 785 lasers, respectively. The best results were always obtained for the extracts. In general, the study allowed the recognition of purpurin, pseudopurpurin and laccaic acid in the red and orange samples, and of indigotin and quercetin in a turquoise thread.

• Bortolini, Mara; de Ferri, Lavinia; Ghezzo, Elena & Battistel, Dario (2023). Preventive spectroscopic characterization of charcoal particles from Cave A of Veja (VR, Italy). Vis sammendrag

  The presence of large amounts of charred biomass particles in soils and sediments has been used as an indirect indication of human occupation [1]. Moreover, the structural properties of charcoal can inform about the burning conditions that produced those particles, the intensity of palaeowildfires, and the type of biomass precursor [2]–[5]. In fact, it has been reported that the degree of amorphous/crystalline structure of burned biomass fragments studied through spectroscopic (Raman, FTIR) and diffractometric analysis (XRD) can be clarifying about the degree of aging of the charred particles [6]–[8]. This contribution regards Raman and FTIR-ATR analysis performed on charcoals obtained from samples coming from 3 layers of the bottom wall of the Cave A of Veja, a karst cave, located in the Lessini Mountains in the province of Verona (Italy), in the Central Southern Alps. From the bottom part of the sequence, a charred particle was radiocarbon dated and returned an age of 10,800 ± 30 BP (uncal BP). Cave A is part of a series of caves that together with the natural arch of Ponte di Veja, was frequented by humans since the early Middle Palaeolithic (300-30 ka) [9], [10]. In addition, some freshly prepared burned fragments of birch and pine wood were studied in order to compare the results with those obtained from the actual archaeological samples. Samples were prepared weighing aliquots of 0.5 g of crumbled wood and fired in closed ceramic crucibles at different temperatures. Specifically, wood samples were fired following the thermal ramp resumed in Table 1. Spectral data were deconvoluted to extract the parameters used for the elaborations aimed at link the collected profile to the original firing temperature and /or to the age of the charred particles. Both the spectroscopic and diffraction patterns of the freshly prepared charred particles evidenced structural changes with increasing the burning temperature. The “natural” samples collected at Veja-Cave A present significant differences from the prepared samples, while they resulted quite homogeneous among them. This may indicate that degradation/aging phenomena acted on the structure of charcoal, modifying it in terms of amorphous-crystalline fractions. On the other hand, the oxidizing conditions used during the firing experiments did not allow for collecting charred particles when working at temperatures higher than 500°C. The study intended to compare information obtainable with different analytical techniques on archaeological and freshly produced charcoal samples. The results showed the importance of investigating in detail the structural characteristics displayed by the material when fired at different temperatures and conditions. On the other hand, archaeological samples have an intrinsic complexity due to their simultaneous expositions to several factors such as the production at different firing conditions, the age, the soil characteristics. Consequently, interpretation of the analytical results is not always straightforward, and the utilization of multiple techniques becomes fundamental

• Portale, Silvia; de Ferri, Lavinia; Felter, Margrethe; Zisi, Angeliki; Barone, Germana & Mazzoleni, Paolo (2023). New geo-resources for the conservation of Cultural Heritage: feasibility study on the application of sawing sludges-based Alkali Activated Materials. Vis sammendrag

  In this work we present for the first time a feasibility study on the application of Alkali Activated Materials (AAMs) synthesized recycling sawing sludges as precursors, for Cultural Heritage restoration and conservation purposes. AAMs are inorganic polymeric materials originated by the dissolution of aluminosilicate powdered components in alkaline solutions and the consequent condensation of the resulting pastes in a solid 3D network (Davidovits, 1991). AAMs have a lower environmental impact than traditional restoration and conservation products : they offer the possibility of recycling wastes, preventing the exploitations of new raw materials, thus promoting the circular economy (Barone et al., 2021; Portale et al., 2023). Moreover, their synthesis takes place at room temperature and without any pre-treatment of the precursors; in this way, production costs, thermal energy demand and, therefore, CO2 emissions are lowered (Turner and Collins, 2013). The waste materials chosen for this study are sawing sludges (SS), which are composed by powders deriving from rock cutting and polishing processes mixed together with water used for cooling down the sawing tools. SS are the most abundant products resulting from the stone processing industry: they amount up to 41% over the total processed rocks (Montani, 2021). The disposal of this waste is regulated by EWC 010413 in Europe and by D.lgs. n. 156/06 in Italy. Nevertheless, disposing means deprivation of a future for these potential geo-resources and thus, their reuse has become an interesting challenge in the view of circular economy. The presented work focuses on the characterization studies carried out on both SS and SS-based AAMs to investigate their chemical, mineralogical, microstructural and physical-mechanical features by means of analytical techniques such as XRF, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, uniaxial compressive and bending tests, colorimetry and so on. An Oddy test has been also run to access the performances of the pastes when in contact with the ceramic bodies. In addition, the research presents the preliminary results of the SS-based AAMs application for the conservation of archaeological pottery. Selected compositions were used as fillers on no-value ceramic pots in order to simulate the potential behaviour on real artifacts. The physical properties of the pastes as well as their interaction with the ceramic bodies, were monitored over time from the moment of the application up to a month after by assigning a mark from one (very bad) to five (very good) to features like ease of mixing and application, stickability, working time, contamination of ceramic, reversibility, flexibility and many more.

• Grillini, Federico; de Ferri, Lavinia; Pantos, George Alexis & George, Sony (2023). Non-invasive study of pre-Columbian textiles combining Multi and Hyperspectral imaging.
• de Ferri, Lavinia; campanella, beatrice; Vallotto, Davide; Martignon, Alice; Legnaioli, Stefano & Tomaini, Benedetta [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Application of spectroscopic and imaging techniques for the study of historical natural dyes. Vis sammendrag

  The Michelangelo Guggenheim’s textile collection has been studied using a multi analytical approach. Specifically, False color imaging, Fiber Optics reflectance spectroscopy (VIS range) and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy were used to identify the dyestuff in the perspective of checking their compatibility with both declared historical period and the origin. Most of them are dated to the XVI century, while the stylistic analysis together with the technical characteristics traced them back to an Italian manufacture. The cross checking of spectroscopic data allowed to confirm most of the results acquired in a previous non-invasive investigation. However, new data obtained in micro-invasive mode resulted fundamental to understand the complexity characterizing some of the sampled threads. In many cases colors were obtained by mixing several dyes: all the presented methodologies have well known limitations but they often compensate each other allowing for the identification of different components co-existing in the same sample. In particular, in FORS, absorption bands of natural dyes are often broad, tend to overlap or to generate new structures; in parallel, SERS if often blind to some dyes, especially when mixtures involve components with very different cross sections. Finally, in FCI colours deriving from the contemporary presence of several compounds can interfere creating new shades difficult to interpret. Raman spectra of the Guggenheim collection mainly showed cochineal in red-based artefacts and indigo in blue ones. Additionally, other interesting dyes such as orcein or annatto were identified in many samples. At the same way, VISRS spectral profiles were affected by indigotin on green textile fragments, on which SERS gave information about the yellow dye. However, yellow dyes are particularly challenging and despite the application of a multi-technique approach, in some of the fragments it was not possible to recognize any specific compound. In some cases, equivalent results were obtained for the three tested techniques, while in others more complex situations emerged, showing the utilization of mixture instead of single dyes as previously assumed based on pure non-invasive results. This highlights the importance of utilizing a set of complementary analytical techniques when approaching historical textiles. FCI can also be a very interesting technique to obtain preliminary non-invasive data, but the study highlighted the need for the creation of a complete database of historical dyes employed with different dyeing procedures, substrates, mordants, and as mixtures with different proportions.

• Polanska, Weronika Patrycja; de Ferri, Lavinia; Austvoll, Knut Ivar & Steindal, Calin Constantin (2023). A multi-method approach to Bronze Age ceramics from Hunn, Eastern Norway. Vis sammendrag

  Located in Eastern Norway, Hunn is a site with a rich archaeological landscape that includes Bronze Age burial mounds and metal workshops. One of the workshops contained a large number of ceramics dating back to the Nordic Bronze Age Period III–IV (1300-900 BCE). Ten ceramic fragments were chosen for a multi-technique analytical study aiming to investigate their production technology and possible provenance. In addition to optical and scanning electron microscope, observations carried out on thin section, handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier Transferred Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in ATR mode and X ray diffraction were applied. The analyses were intended to determine whether the ceramic sherds from Eastern Norway were imported from the continent as previously hypothesized. The comparison with data obtained on three clay samples from locations in Norway, Germany and Poland indicate that the analyzed pottery samples were of local origin, as the chemical and mineral analyses confirmed the use of a local clay. At the same time, the tempering material consists primarily of locally available granitic rock. However, thin-section petrography revealed the occurrence of chamotte previously found in contemporary ceramics from Swedish sites [1]. The ceramic traditions in Eastern Norway share similarities with Southern and Central Swedish finds, especially when it comes to rusticated ceramics and tableware [2]. There has been as well previous associations between the Nordic Bronze Age pottery types and the Lusatian Culture in Poland (1300-400 BCE) [3]. However, a link between ceramics in Norway and Northern Central Europe has never been explored before [4]. [1] T. Eriksson, Grog tempering during Scandinavian Bronze Age, Naturwissenschaftliche Analysen vor-und fr Grog tempering during Scandinavian Bronze Age. Naturwissenschaftliche Analysen vor-und frügeschichtlicher Keramik III.: Anwendungsbereiche, Auswertungsmöglichkeiten, 2013, 331-351. [2] H.M, Hop Wendelbo, Keramikk fra norske bronsealdergraver: En studie av morfologi, kronologi, forbindelser og deponeringspraksiser i tidsrommet 1700-500 f. Kr., 2020 [3] T. Eriksson, Kärl och social gestik: keramik i Mälardalen 1500 BC-400 AD, Uppsala universitet/Riksantikvarieämbetet, 2009 [4] W. P. Polańska et al. in prep - A multi-method approach to Bronze Age ceramics from Hunn, Eastern Norway

• Polanska, Weronika Patrycja; de Ferri, Lavinia; Steindal, Calin Constantin & Austvoll, Knut Ivar (2023). Preliminary investigation of the production technology of Norwegian Bronze Age ceramics. Vis sammendrag

  Archaeological ceramics are among the most studied artifact categories since they can refer to both social and economic traditions of past communities. Investigations usually point at determining the production technology and special attention has been given to the firing conditions. This poster presents the intricate knowledge system of pottery production occurring in Norway in the Bronze Age (1300–900 BCE). To this aim, aliquots of clays sampled in Norway, Germany and Poland were fired in an electric furnace at 500, 550, 600, 700, 800 and 900℃ and successively analyzed by colorimetry, XRD and FTIR-ATR to determine modifications in term of structure and mineralogical composition. Temperatures were chosen based on pre-existing knowledge of ceramic technology in the geographical region of interest in that period [1]. Results were compared with those obtained on a set of ten ceramic fragments dated to the Bronze Age at the site of Hunn in Eastern Norway. The aim was to estimate the temperature used in the production of these prehistoric ceramics exhibiting typological similarities with contemporary finds from Southern and Central Sweden as well as Northern Poland [2]. Due to the abundance of the thermally stable grain minerals such as quartz and feldspar, the study of the clayish fraction through XRD resulted particularly hostile, while FTIR-ATR confirmed its usefulness in investigating ceramics and ceramic-related materials. A progressive modification of the color of the fired material, turning towards a reddish hue, was due to the gradual formation of iron oxide (Fe2O3), starting from 700 ℃. In parallel, carbonates decompose and weak features due to CaO appeared. In addition, small amounts of chlorite, a phase decomposing at 600–650 ℃, were found through the petrographic analysis of some archaeological sherds highlighted, . However, its structural similarity with other clay minerals and the abundence of silicate phases, made the identification of chlorite by XRD and FTIR not possible in the fired clays. Despite this, the experiment helped to strengthen the hypothesis about the technological correspondence of similar ceramics in Eastern Norway and Western Pomerania in the Bronze Age, as the results seem to indicate that the Bronze Age ceramics were fired at a temperature not higher than 700 ℃, more probably ranging between 600 and 650 ℃. [1] H.M. Hop Wendelbo, Keramikk fra norske bronsealdergraver: En studie av morfologi, kronologi, forbindelser og deponeringspraksiser i tidsrommet 1700-500 f. Kr., 2020 [2] T. Eriksson, Kärl och social gestik: keramik i Mälardalen 1500 BC-400 AD, Uppsala universitet/ Riksantikvarieämbetet, 2000

• Andriulo, Fabrizio; Vespignani, Laura; Steindal, Calin Constantin; Bortolini, Mara & de Ferri, Lavinia (2022). Evaluation of sol-gel hybrid nanocomposites for dry medieval wood.
• Caggiani, Maria Cristina; de Ferri, Lavinia; Andriulo, Fabrizio; bertino, antonella; Fugazzotto, Maura & Barone, Germana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Investigation of iron oxides pigments from the UNESCO World Heritage site of Røros (Norway) conservation works.
• Freeman, Ashley Amanda; de Ferri, Lavinia; Mazurek, Joy & Andriulo, Fabrizio (2022). Multi-Analytical Characterization study of Decorative Wall Paintings in the Eidsborg and Heddal Stave Churches (Norway).
• campanella, beatrice; de Ferri, Lavinia; legnaioli, stefano; Vallotto, Davide; Martignon, Alice & Tomaini, Benedetta [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). A multitechnique study of historical natural dyes.
• de Ferri, Lavinia; Grillini, Federico; Caggiani, Maria Cristina; George, Sony; Pantos, George Alexis & legnaioli, stefano [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging for the study of archaeological pre-Columbian textiles.
• Invernizzi, Claudia; de Ferri, Lavinia; Comite, Valeria; Fermo, Paola; Malagodi, Marco & Pojana, Giulio (2022). Correlation Between Surface Roughness and Spectral Features in Ir-Reflection Spectroscopy.
• Bertolin, Chiara; de Ferri, Lavinia & Olstad, Tone Marie (2021). Monitoring of indoor environmental conditions of the Kvernes (Norway) stave church.
• Bertolin, Chiara; Strojecki, Marcin; de Ferri, Lavinia & grottesi, giulia (2021). Salt contamination of wooden materials: the case of Trondheim (Norway) warehouses.
• Occhipinti, Roberta; Caggiani, Maria Cristina; Andriulo, Fabrizio; de Ferri, Lavinia; Barone, Germana & Mazzoleni, Paolo (2021). Effect of atmospheric exposure on alkali activated binders and mortars from Mt. Etna volcanic precursors.
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia; Razavi, Nima; Aalto, P. & Berto, Filippo (2020). Acoustic Emission NDT for monitoring hygro-mechanical reactions of coated pine wood: a methodological approach.
• De Ferri, Lavinia; Strojecki, Marcin & Bertolin, Chiara (2020). Preliminary results on sealing surface treatments on wood .
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia & Olstad, Tone Maria (2020). Monitoring of indoor environmental conditions of the Kvernes (Norway) stave church.
• Bertolin, Chiara; Strojecki, Marcin; De Ferri, Lavinia & grottesi, giulia (2020). Salt contamination of wooden materials: the case of Trondheim (Norway) warehouses .
• Baldan, Maela; Corradini, Martina; Tomaini, Benedetta; Lecchini, Emma; de Ferri, Lavinia & Caggiani, Maria Cristina [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Comparison of Drift and FTIR-ATR Spectra in the Analysis of Art Pigments.
• Baldan, Maela; Corradini, Martina; Tomaini, Benedetta; de Ferri, Lavinia; Caggiani, Maria Cristina & Pojana, Giulio (2019). Towards the Generation of a Spectroscopic Database of Reference Pigments for Cultural Heritage Applications.
• De Ferri, Lavinia & Bertolin, Chiara (2019). SyMBoL- Sustainable Management of heritage Buildings in a Long-term Perspective.
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia; grottesi, giulia; Berto, Filippo & Aalto, P. (2019). Measuring protocol in coupling tests on wood using the Acoustic Emission NDT.
• Bertolin, Chiara; De Ferri, Lavinia & Berto, Filippo (2019). AM applications in Heritage Science: is AM the new frontier for creating mock-up samples with similar properties as aged materials?. .

Sjå alle arbeida i Cristin